ACNT 1304 - Introduction to Accounting II

ACNT 1304:

Description
A study of accounting for merchandising, notes payable, notes receivable, valuation of receivables and equipment and valuation of inventories in a manual and in a computerized environment.

Prerequisites

Semester Offered
Spring
Credits 3 Lecture Hours 2 Lab Hours 4
Extended Hours
0
Contact Hours
96
State Approval Code
52.0302
Alternate Operations During Campus Closure

In the event of an emergency or announced campus closure due to a natural disaster or pandemic, it may be necessary for Panola College to move to altered operations. During this time, Panola College may opt to continue delivery of instruction through methods that include, but are not limited to: online learning management system (CANVAS), online conferencing, email messaging, and/or an alternate schedule. It is the responsibility of the student to monitor Panola College's website (www.panola.edu) for instructions about continuing courses remotely, CANVAS for each class for course-specific communication, and Panola College email for important general information.

Class Attendance

Regular and punctual attendance of classes and laboratories is required of all students. When a student has been ill or absent from class for approved extracurricular activities, he or she should be allowed, as far as possible, to make up for the missed work. If a student has not actively participated by the census date, they will be dropped by the instructor for non-attendance. This policy applies to courses that are in-person, online, hybrid, and hyflex.

Attendance in online courses is determined by submission of an assignment or participation in an activity. According to federal guidelines, simply logging into a distance learning course without participating in an academic assignment does not constitute attendance. Distance learning is defined as when a majority (more than 50%) of instruction occurs when the instructor and students are in separate physical locations. Students must engage in an academic activity prior to the course census date. 

When an instructor feels that a student has been absent to such a degree as to invalidate the learning experience, the instructor may recommend to the Vice President of Instruction that the student be withdrawn from the course. Instructors may seek to withdraw students for non-attendance after they have accumulated the following number of absences: 

Fall or spring semesters: 

3 or more class meeting times per week - 5 absences

2 class meeting times per week - 3 absences

1 class meeting per week -  2 absences

The student is responsible for seeing that he or she has been officially withdrawn from a class. A student who stops attendance in a class without officially withdrawing from that class will be given a failing grade; consequently, the student must follow official withdrawal procedures in the Admissions/Records Office.

Please note: Health Science and Cosmetology courses may require more stringent attendance policies based on their accreditation agencies. Please see the addendum and/or program handbook for further information concerning attendance.  

Pregnant/Parenting Policy

Panola College welcomes pregnant and parenting students as a part of the student body. This institution is committed to providing support and adaptations for a successful educational experience for pregnant and parenting students. Students experiencing a need for accommodations related to pregnancy or parenting will find a Pregnancy and Parenting Accommodations Request form in the Student Handbook or may request the form from the course instructor.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Course Policy

No use of Generative AI permitted.

This option assumes that all work submitted by students will be generated by the students themselves, whether they are working individually or in groups. Students should not have another person or entity do the writing of any portion of an assignment, which includes hiring a person or a company to write assignments and/or using artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT. Use of any AI-generated content in this course qualifies as academic dishonesty and violates Panola College’s standards of academic integrity.

Instructional Goals and Purposes
The purpose of this course is to provide a study of accounting for merchandising, notes payable, notes receivable, valuation of receivables and equipment, and valuation of inventories in a manual and computerized environment.
Learning Outcomes
  1. Define accounting terminology.
  2. Analyze and record business transactions for a merchandising operation in a manual and computerized environment.
  3. Calculate interest.
  4. Apply valuation methods for receivables and payables.
  5. Utilize various inventory and depreciation methods.
  6. Identify internal control procedures for inventory, receivables, and payables.
Specific Course Objectives (includes SCANS)

After studying all materials and resources presented in the course, the student will be able to:

  1. Apply accounting principles for a service enterprise and expand on those principles for a merchandising business.
    1. Use accounting terms presented in previous instruction and learn and use additional accounting terms. (1a-v, 1b-v)
    2. Analyze financial activities of a merchandising business—including purchases and sales of merchandise, trade discounts, cash discounts, return of merchandise by customer or to supplier, and transportation charges on merchandise deliveries. (1a-i, 1b-ii, 1b-iv, 1c-i, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii)
    3. Classify accounts, including new accounts presented for a merchandising business. (1b-ii)
  2. Apply steps involved in the accounting cycle to a merchandising business.
    1. Analyze and record transactions in the appropriate journal—Sales, Purchases, Cash Receipts, Cash Payments, or General—or in a Voucher Register or Check Register if using a voucher system). (1a-i, 1a-ii, 1b-i, 1b-ii, 1b-vi, 1c-i, 2a-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    2. Post from journal(s) to ledger(s), including both individual posting and summary posting to general ledger, accounts receivable ledger, and/or accounts payable ledger. (1a-ii, 1c-i, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    3. Prepare a trial balance. (1a-ii, 1a-iii)
    4. Prepare schedules of accounts receivable and accounts payable. (1a-ii, 1a-iii)
    5. Determine adjustments needed and record on a work sheet (involving adjustments for merchandise inventory, unearned revenue, depreciation, expired insurance, supplies used, estimated losses from bad debts, and accrued wages or salaries).
    6. Prepare a work sheet. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 1b-vi, 2a-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    7. Prepare financial statements (income statement, statement of owner's equity, and classified balance sheet). (1a-ii, 1a-iii)
    8. Analyze financial statements by computing working capital, current and quick ratios, return on owner’s equity, accounts receivable turnover average, and inventory turnover average. (1a-iii)
    9. Journalize and post adjusting entries. (1a-i, 1a-ii, 1c-i, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    10. Journalize and post-closing entries. (1a-i, 1a-ii, 1c-i, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    11. Prepare a post-closing trial balance. (1a-ii, 1a-iii)
    12. Determine which adjusting entries require reversal and journalize and post needed reversing entries. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 1c-i, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
  3. Analyze and record specific transactions involving valuating and maintaining records for receivables, inventories, and plant and equipment.
    1. Make the adjusting entry to record estimated bad-debt losses by using the allowance method of handling bad debts. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 1c-i, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    2. Determine the amount of the adjusting entry to record estimated bad-debt losses by aging Accounts Receivable or by using a percentage of Accounts Receivable. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 1c-i, 2c-i, 2cii, 2c-iii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    3. Calculate the amount of the adjusting entry to record estimated bad-debt losses by using a percentage of Sales or Net Sales. (1a-iii)
    4. Journalize the entries to write off specific Accounts Receivable accounts as uncollectible using the allowance method of accounting for bad-debt. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    5. Journalize entries to reinstate specific Accounts Receivable accounts previously written off. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    6. Journalize the entries to write off specific Accounts Receivable accounts as uncollectible using the direct write-off method of accounting for bad-debt losses. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    7. Determine unit cost, the value of ending inventory, and the cost of merchandise sold by the following methods: (a) specific identification, (b) weighted-average cost, (c) first-in, first-out (FIFO), (d) last-in, first-out (LIFO). (1a-iii)
    8. Journalize transactions relating to perpetual inventories. (1a-ii, 1b-ii, 2d-i, 2d-ii)
    9. Allocate costs to Land, Land Improvements, and Buildings accounts. (1b-i, 1b-ii)
    10. Calculate depreciation by the straight-line method, units-of-production method, double declining balance method, and sum-of-the-years’-digits methods. (1a-iii, 1b-ii, 1b-iii)
  4. Use the computer in accounting for accounts receivable, accounts payable, and general ledger for a merchandising business.
    1. Process Accounts Receivable transactions by entering the transactions into the computer system. (1b-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2c-iv)
    2. Edit and correct Accounts Receivable entries. (1b-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii. 2c-iv)
    3. Generate reports related to Accounts Receivable. (2c-iv, 2d-i, 2e-i, 2e-ii, 2e-iii)
    4. Process Accounts Payable transactions by entering the transactions into the computer system. (1b-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2c-iv)
    5. Edit and correct Accounts Payable entries. (1b-ii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2c-iv)
    6. Generate reports related to Accounts Payable. (2c-iv, 2d-i, 2e-i, 2e-ii, 2e-iii)
    7. Complete general ledger problems for a merchandising business. (1b-ii, 2a-i, 2a-iii, 2c-i, 2c-ii, 2c-iii, 2c-iv, 2e-i, 2e-ii)
    8. Generate journal and ledger reports. (2c-iv, 2d-i, 2e-i, 2e-ii, 2e-iii)
    9. Generate schedules of accounts payable and accounts receivable. (2c-iv, 2d-i, 2e-i, 2e-ii, 2e-iii)
    10. Verify the accuracy of computer-generated reports. (1b-i, 1b-vi)
Course Content

A general description of lecture/discussion topics included in this course are listed in the Learning Outcomes / Specific Course Objectives sections of this syllabus.

Students in all sections of this course will be required to do the following:

  1. Students will submit assignments throughout the semester based on the course content presented in that assignment.
  2. Students will complete hands-on, application exams using accounting forms and/or computerized accounting software.
  3. Students will complete four online exams, including the final exam, testing their knowledge of accounting principles and practices
Methods of Instruction/Course Format/Delivery

Students in both the face-to-face class and in the online class will have access to this course via the Panola College course delivery system, Canvas. Course content in the online version of ACNT 1304 is the same as content used in the face-to-face version of the class.

Students in the face-to-face class will meet regularly for lecture over the material. Although lecture and reading assignments are the primary delivery methods, other instructional techniques may include classroom discussion, audio-visual presentations, speakers, critical thinking exercises, and group activities. Students are also able to complete the course online. Students in the internet class will only be required to meet with the instructor for activities detailed in Canvas.

Course Grade

The grading scale for this course is as follows:

  • Participation/Discussions - 10%
  • Homework Assignments - 25%
  • Assessments - 65%
90 and above A
80 – 89 B
70 – 79 C
60 – 69 D
Under 60 F
Other
SCANS Criteria
  1. Foundation skills are defined in three areas: basic skills, thinking skills, and personal qualities.
    1. Basic Skills: A worker must read, write, perform arithmetic and mathematical operations, listen, and speak effectively. These skills include:
      1. Reading: locate, understand, and interpret written information in prose and in documents such as manuals, graphs, and schedules.
      2. Writing: communicate thoughts, ideas, information, and messages in writing, and create documents such as letters, directions, manuals, reports, graphs, and flow charts. 
      3. Arithmetic and Mathematical Operations: perform basic computations and approach practical problems by choosing appropriately from a variety of mathematical techniques.
      4. Listening: receive, attend to, interpret, and respond to verbal messages and other cues.
      5. Speaking: Organize ideas and communicate orally.
    2. Thinking Skills: A worker must think creatively, make decisions, solve problems, visualize, know how to learn, and reason effectively. These skills include:
      1. Creative Thinking: generate new ideas.
      2. Decision Making: specify goals and constraints, generate alternatives, consider risks, and evaluate and choose the best alternative.
      3. Problem Solving: recognize problems and devise and implement plan of action.
      4. Visualize ("Seeing Things in the Mind's Eye"): organize and process symbols, pictures, graphs, objects, and other information.
      5. Knowing How to Learn: use efficient learning techniques to acquire and apply new knowledge and skills.
      6. Reasoning: discover a rule or principle underlying the relationship between two or more objects and apply it when solving a problem.
    3. Personal Qualities: A worker must display responsibility, self-esteem, sociability, self management, integrity, and honesty.
      1. Responsibility: exert a high level of effort and persevere toward goal attainment.
      2. Self-Esteem: believe in one's own self-worth and maintain a positive view of oneself.
      3. Sociability: demonstrate understanding, friendliness, adaptability, empathy, and politeness in group settings.
      4. Self-Management: assess oneself accurately, set personal goals, monitor progress, and exhibit self-control.
      5. Integrity and Honesty: choose ethical courses of action.
  2. Workplace competencies are defined in five areas: resources, interpersonal skills, information, systems, and technology.
    1. Resources: A worker must identify, organize, plan, and allocate resources effectively.
      1. Time: select goal-relevant activities, rank them, allocate time, and prepare and follow schedules.
      2. Money: Use or prepare budgets, make forecasts, keep records, and make adjustments to meet objectives.
      3. Material and Facilities: Acquire, store, allocate, and use materials or space efficiently. Examples: construct a decision timeline chart; use computer software to plan a project; prepare a budget; conduct a cost/benefits analysis; design an RFP process; write a job description; develop a staffing plan.
    2. Interpersonal Skills: A worker must work with others effectively.
      1. Participate as a Member of a Team: contribute to group effort.
      2. Teach Others New Skills.
      3. Serve Clients/Customers: work to satisfy customer's expectations.
      4. Exercise Leadership: communicate ideas to justify position, persuade and convince others, responsibly challenge existing procedures and policies.
      5. Negotiate: work toward agreements involving exchange of resources, resolve divergent interests.
      6. Work with Diversity: work well with men and women from diverse backgrounds. Examples: collaborate with a group member to solve a problem; work through a group conflict situation, train a colleague; deal with a dissatisfied customer in person; select and use appropriate leadership styles; use effective delegation techniques; conduct an individual or team negotiation; demonstrate an understanding of how people from different cultural backgrounds might behave in various situations.
    3. Information: A worker must be able to acquire and use information.
      1. Acquire and Evaluate Information.
      2. Organize and Maintain Information.
      3. Interpret and Communicate Information.
      4. Use Computers to Process Information. Examples: research and collect data from various sources; develop a form to collect data; develop an inventory record-keeping system; produce a report using graphics; make an oral presentation using various media; use on-line computer databases to research a report; use a computer spreadsheet to develop a budget.
    4. Systems: A worker must understand complex interrelationships.
      1. Understand Systems: know how social, organizational, and technological systems work and operate effectively with them.
      2. Monitor and Correct Performance: distinguish trends, predict impacts on system operations, diagnose deviations in systems' performance and correct malfunctions.
      3. Improve or Design Systems: suggest modifications to existing systems and develop new or alternative systems to improve performance. Examples: draw and interpret an organizational chart; develop a monitoring process; choose a situation needing improvement, break it down, examine it, propose an improvement, and implement it.
    5. Technology: A worker must be able to work with a variety of technologies.
      1. Select Technology: choose procedures, tools or equipment including computers and related technologies.
      2. Apply Technologies to Task: understand overall intent and proper procedures for setup and operation of equipment.
      3. Maintain and Troubleshoot Equipment: Prevent, identify, or solve problems with equipment, including computers and other technologies. Examples: read equipment descriptions and technical specifications to select equipment to meet needs; set up and assemble appropriate equipment from instructions; read and follow directions for troubleshooting and repairing equipment.