CHEM 1307:
A continuation of Chemistry 1305 that focuses on organic chemistry and biochemistry.
Corequisites
Communication Skills – to include effective development, interpretation, and expression of ideas through written, oral, and visual communication
Empirical and Quantitative Skills – to include the manipulation and analysis of numerical data or observable facts resulting in informed conclusions
Teamwork – to include the ability to consider different points of view and to work effectively with others to support a shared purpose or goa
Must register for both lecture and lab
In the event of an emergency or announced campus closure due to a natural disaster or pandemic, it may be necessary for Panola College to move to altered operations. During this time, Panola College may opt to continue delivery of instruction through methods that include, but are not limited to: online learning management system (CANVAS), online conferencing, email messaging, and/or an alternate schedule. It is the responsibility of the student to monitor Panola College's website (www.panola.edu) for instructions about continuing courses remotely, CANVAS for each class for course-specific communication, and Panola College email for important general information.
Regular and punctual attendance of classes and laboratories is required of all students. When a student has been ill or absent from class for approved extracurricular activities, he or she should be allowed, as far as possible, to make up for the missed work. If a student has not actively participated by the census date, they will be dropped by the instructor for non-attendance. This policy applies to courses that are in-person, online, hybrid, and hyflex.
Attendance in online courses is determined by submission of an assignment or participation in an activity. According to federal guidelines, simply logging into a distance learning course without participating in an academic assignment does not constitute attendance. Distance learning is defined as when a majority (more than 50%) of instruction occurs when the instructor and students are in separate physical locations. Students must engage in an academic activity prior to the course census date.
When an instructor feels that a student has been absent to such a degree as to invalidate the learning experience, the instructor may recommend to the Vice President of Instruction that the student be withdrawn from the course. Instructors may seek to withdraw students for non-attendance after they have accumulated the following number of absences:
Fall or spring semesters:
3 or more class meeting times per week - 5 absences
2 class meeting times per week - 3 absences
1 class meeting per week - 2 absences
The student is responsible for seeing that he or she has been officially withdrawn from a class. A student who stops attendance in a class without officially withdrawing from that class will be given a failing grade; consequently, the student must follow official withdrawal procedures in the Admissions/Records Office.
Please note: Health Science and Cosmetology courses may require more stringent attendance policies based on their accreditation agencies. Please see the addendum and/or program handbook for further information concerning attendance.
Panola College welcomes pregnant and parenting students as a part of the student body. This institution is committed to providing support and adaptations for a successful educational experience for pregnant and parenting students. Students experiencing a need for accommodations related to pregnancy or parenting will find a Pregnancy and Parenting Accommodations Request form in the Student Handbook or may request the form from the course instructor.
No use of Generative AI permitted.
This option assumes that all work submitted by students will be generated by the students themselves, whether they are working individually or in groups. Students should not have another person or entity do the writing of any portion of an assignment, which includes hiring a person or a company to write assignments and/or using artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT. Use of any AI-generated content in this course qualifies as academic dishonesty and violates Panola College’s standards of academic integrity.
Chemistry 1307 is the second semester of a two-semester introductory course in chemistry for nonscience majors. This course is the continuation of fundamental concepts in chemical language and applications. The material for this course assumes a background in chemical nomenclature, equation writing, and simple stoichiometric calculations involving reacting masses, moles and gas volumes as related by balancing chemical equations. Familiarity with molecular structure and typical descriptive chemistry is desirable.
This second semester includes extensive units on organic and biochemical nomenclature and applications. Chemistry 1307 has a required laboratory component (CHEM 1107) that forms an important portion of this study.
After studying all materials and resources presented in the course, the student will be able to:
- Identify the characteristic properties of organic or inorganic compounds.
- Write IUPAC names and draw structures of organic compounds.
- Classify organic molecules according to their functional groups.
- Name products of basic organic reactions.
- Explain the differences in the properties of alcohols, phenols, and ethers.
- Identify chiral and achiral carbon atoms in an organic molecule.
- Use Fischer projections to draw D or L stereoisomers of sugars.
- Explain the differences in the properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- Describe the properties of an ester.
- Describe the classes of lipids.
- Draw structures of fatty acids, waxes, and triacylglycerols.
- Describe the structure of phospholipids and steroids.
- Describe the composition and function of the lipid bilayer in cell membranes.
- Describe the properties of amines.
- Classify proteins by their functions.
- Describe the hydrolysis and denaturation of proteins.
- Describe, classify and name enzymes.
- Describe the properties of enzymes.
- Describe the properties, functions, and processes of DNA and RNA.
- Describe the stages of metabolism.
- Describe the functions and processes of metabolic pathways, digestion and other related metabolic conversions.
- Describe the citric acid cycle.
- Describe all metabolic pathways for lipids and amino acids.
General Course Objectives:
- Understand and be able to explain the general principles, laws, and theories of chemistry that are discussed and presented throughout the semester.
- Use critical thinking and logic in the solution of problems.
- Apply learned chemistry skills to new situations.
- Demonstrate an understanding of chemistry through technological advancement.
- Apply chemical principles in the laboratory setting.
- Develop independent and cooperative learning skills.
- Recognize and acquire attitudes that are characteristic of the successful worker regardless of the major field of study.
- Develop an awareness of the value of chemistry in our daily living.
Students in all sections of this course will learn the following content:
- Draw electron dot structures of simple alkanes to illustrate that carbon forms four covalent bonds.
- Recognize structural, condensed, and molecular formulas of the continuous chain hydrocarbons containing up to twelve carbon atoms.
- Given the structural formula of an alkane, name it according to IUPAC rules.
- Given the IUPAC name of an alkane, draw its structural formula.
- Name and draw structural isomers of hydrocarbons.
- Name and draw structural formulas of cycloalkanes.
- Tell whether a hydrocarbon is saturated or unsaturated.
- Identify cis and trans geometric isomers.
- Describe the bonding, chemical properties, and structure of benzene.
- Name and draw structures of simple aromatic compounds.
- Define a functional group.
- Name and draw structures of simple halocarbons.
- Contrast an addition reaction of an alkene to a substitution reaction with benzene.
- Name and draw structures of alcohols, glycols, and phenols.
- Identify an alcohol as being primary, secondary, or tertiary.
- Identify the uses of some common alcohols and illustrate the synthesis of alcohols by addition and displacement reactions.
- Explain the behavior of alcohols and phenols as weak acids.
- Name and draw structures of ethers and illustrate the synthesis of an ether from a halocarbon and an alkoxide ion.
- Relate trends in boiling point and solubility to the molecular structure of hydrocarbons, halocarbons, alcohols, and ethers.
- Identify names, structures, and uses of some common thiols, thioethers, and disulfides.
- Define a polyfunctional molecule and recognize the functional groups on a given polyfunctional molecule.
- Name and draw structures of simple aldehydes and ketones.
- Describe the carbon-oxygen bond of the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones.
- Explain how the intermolecular interactions of the carbonyl group affect the boiling point and water solubility of aldehydes and ketones.
- Relate the energy content of a molecule to its degree of oxidation or reduction.
- Describe the process of oxidation and reduction in organic chemistry in the terms of the loss or gain of oxygen, hydrogen, or electrons.
- Write structures for the products (if any) of the oxidation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
- Describe the results of Tollens' or Benedict's test on an aldehyde, a ketone, and an alpha-hydroxy ketone.
- Illustrate with equations the formations of a hydrate, a hemiacetal and an acetal, and a hemiketal and a ketal.
- State the names and uses of some important aldehydes and ketones.
- Name and draw structures of simple aldehydes and ketones.
- Describe the carbon-oxygen bond of the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones.
- Explain how the intermolecular interactions of the carbonyl group affect the boiling point and water solubility of aldehydes and ketones.
- Relate the energy content of a molecule to its degree of oxidation or reduction.
- Describe the process of oxidation and reduction in organic chemistry in the terms of the loss or gain of oxygen, hydrogen, or electrons.
- Write structures for the products (if any) of the oxidation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.
- Describe the results of Tollens' or Benedict's test on an aldehyde, a ketone, and an alpha-hydroxy ketone.
- Illustrate with equations the formations of a hydrate, a hemiacetal and an acetal, and a hemiketal and a ketal.
- State the names and uses of some important aldehydes and ketones.
- Name and draw the structures of simple aliphatic and aromatic amines.
- Classify an amine as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
- Name and draw the structures of common aliphatic and aromatic heterocyclic amines.
- Show, with equations, how amines act as weak bases.
- Name and draw the structures of a quaternary ammonium salt.
- Name and draw the structures of simple amides.
- Write equations for the preparation of amides from ammonium salts and carboxylic acid derivatives.
- Predict the products of the hydrolysis of an amide.
- Define the terms: analgesic, antihistamine, antipyretic, decongestant, hallucinogen, hypnotic, opiate, sedative.
- Recognize compounds of biochemical significance, including catecholamines, alkaloids, and barbiturates.
- Classify a carbohydrate as a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide; as a triose, tetrose, pentose, or hexose; as an aldose or a ketose. Also, give the name and structures of common structures.
- Use the term asymmetric carbon and stereoisomer to explain what is meant by the handedness of a molecule.
- Interpret two-dimensional Fischer projection formulas of sugars as three-dimensional structures.
- State whether a sugar is in the D or L form by looking at its Fischer projection formula.
- Draw Haworth projections of common simple sugar.
- Classify simple sugars as an alpha or beta anomer; as a pyranose or a furanose and as a hemiacetal or a hemiketal.
- Explain the interconversion of closed-chain forms of sugars.
- Describe the formation of glycosidic bonds and the products of their hydrolysis.
- List the structure, sources, and uses of these polysaccharides: starch, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, and cellulose.
- Draw the structures and list the sources and uses of these disaccharides: maltose, cellobiose, sucrose, and lactose.
- Predict, on the basis of molecular structure, whether a carbohydrate is reducing or nonreducing.
- Characterize these lipids by source, structure, and use: waxes, triglycerides, fats, and oils.
- Describe the production of soap by saponification.
- Recognize the general structures of these three types of lipid molecules: phosphoglycerides, sphingomyelins, and glycolipids.
- Sketch sections of the liposomal bilayer in water, labeling the polar end of the lipid molecules.
- Draw the fundamental chemical structure of all steroid molecules.
- State the source and at least one function of each of these steroids or classes of steroids (most of which are hormones): cholesterol, cortisone, prednisone, aldosterone, androgens, estrogens, testosterone, progesterone and digitoxin.
- Recognize prostaglandins and state several of their biologic effects.
- Classify the 20 common amino acids according to their side-chain structures.
- Describe the formation of zwitterions and their effect on the properties of amino acids.
- List at least four functions of proteins.
- Distinguish between simple and conjugated proteins and between fibrous and globular proteins.
- Describe the forces that help determine the chain conformation of proteins and distinguish between fibrous and globular proteins.
- State three ways to denature proteins.
- Discuss the mechanism of oxygen transport by hemoglobin.
- Explain the molecular basis for sickle cell anemia and the chemical basis for carbon monoxide poisoning.
- State three properties of enzymes which show that they are catalysts.
- Describe the function of coenzymes.
- Give the names and one-letter symbols for the five major nitrogen bases found in nucleic acids.
- State two differences between the molecular composition of DNA and RNA.
- Name and draw structures of nucleosides and nucleotides, and describe the bonding that joins nucleotides together in nucleic acids.
- Discuss the significance of A = T and G = C as it relates to the formation of the I double-helical structure of DNA.
- Outline the process of replication and transcription.
- List five essential needs of the human body.
- Name the type of chemical reaction which is common to the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
- Name the trace elements found in the body, and state some of their possible functions.
- Define homeostasis and cite some examples of homeostatic control in the body.
- Describe the distribution of body water, and compare the electrolyte compositions of blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid.
- List the functions of blood, the formed elements of blood and the plasma proteins, and distinguish between blood serum and blood plasma.
- Name the major blood buffer systems and describe how each maintains a constant blood pH.
- State two important functions of the kidneys.
- Describe how the pH of urine is controlled.
- Differentiate among metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism.
- Briefly describe what happens in photosynthesis and the energy and carbon cycle.
Lecture, class discussion, lecture activities, reading and homework problem assignments and canvas quizzes.
The grade for this course will be based on:
- Homework and lecture activities 20%
- Labs 25%
- Unit Exams 40%
- Final Exam 15%
Letter Grades are as Follows:
A 90 – 100, B 80 – 89, C 70 – 79, D 60 – 69, F Below 60
- Courses conducted via video conferencing may be recorded and shared for instructional purposes by the instructor.
- For current texts and materials, use the following link to access bookstore listings: https://www.panolacollegestore.com.
- For testing services, use the following link: https://www.panola.edu/student-services/studentsupport/academic-testing-center.
- The Accommodations & Disability Support (A&DS) Office at Panola College provides and facilitates support services and accommodations for students with disabilities. The A&DS office works under the federal guidelines included in Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the American with Disabilities Act. Please contact the Accommodations & Disability Support (A&DS) Office located in the Charles C. Matthews Student Center or go to https://www.panola.edu/disabilitysupport for more information.
- Withdrawing from a course is the student’s responsibility. Students who do not attend class and who do not withdraw will receive the grade earned for the course.
- Student Handbook (located in the Panola College Catalog)